Habitat management at the National Wetland Centre Wales
Dominic Carmichael
At the WWT National Wetland Centre Wales this year the focus has been some significant habitat management on the reserve and the establishment of a new monitoring programme.
Work began in late January with a grant from Cwm Environmental on phase one of a 3- year programme to remove and manage trees on the Millennium Wetland reserve. When the reserve was designed and developed in the late 1990s the aim had been to create a series of wetland habitats within an overall landscape which felt open and linked to the estuary visually. There was also to be an easy flight path for migratory birds to move from one place to the other.
The open landscape would also be of benefit to waders such as lapwing, of which 30 or so pairs would nest here when the reserve was first developed.
In addition the abundance of plenty of lush vegetation growing on the slowly sloping banks of ditches and ponds throughout the reserve has, up to now, maintained and increased an already healthy population of the highly threatened water vole for which this is one of the UK Key Sites.
So why the need for tree management? As well as an open landscape being created back in the year 2000, many thousands of trees were planted. A high survival rate and 12 years of growth has meant that many of the sight lines and flight paths have been blocked and obscured.
This, coupled with willow and alder trees moving in as a part of the natural succession, which is a feature of any wetland, has meant that the site is less attractive for some species. In the case of lapwing, for example, numbers of nesting pairs have dropped down to a handful. Trees harbour crows which make the lapwing vulnerable to predation.
For the water vole, the bank side vegetation – food source and shelter – has become increasingly shaded out. Hence the tree felling and management, the impact of which you will see next time you visit.
And the monitoring? The wetland centre has recently bought a salinity meter with grant aid from CCW. Twelve monitoring points have been established round the recently restored saline lagoon on the edge of the saltmarsh. The aim is to be able to maintain a salinity of between of 5 and 25 parts per thousand.
This we can do by, if necessary, diluting with a fresh water supply the sea water brought in by the tide. This level of salinity provides the conditions in which invertebrates specialising in these saline lagoon conditions will flourish – which is all good news for the summer and winter bird which use the lagoon for feeding on.
Rheoli cynefinoedd yng Nghanolfan Gwlyptir Genedlaethol Cymru
Dominic Carmichael
Eleni mae’r sylw yng Nghanolfan Gwlyptir Genedlaethol Cymru (Ymddiriedolaeth Adar y Gwlyptir) wedi ei hoelio ar wneud tipyn o waith rheoli cynefinoedd yn y warchodfa ac ar sefydlu rhaglen fonitro newydd.
Dechreuodd y gwaith ddiwedd Ionawr yn sgil cael grant gan Cwm Environmental. Y cam cyntaf yn y rhaglen 3 blynedd yw gwaredu coed, ynghyd â rheoli’r coed sy’n weddill, yng ngwarchodfa Gwlyptir y Mileniwm. Adeg dylunio a datblygu’r warchodfa ar ddiwedd y 1990au y nod oedd creu cyfres o gynefinoedd gwlyptir mewn tirwedd agored a oedd yn gysylltiedig â’r aber yn weledol.
Hefyd byddai yno lwybr hedfan hwylus i adar mudol symud o le i le. Ar ben hynny byddai’r dirwedd agored o fudd i rydwyr megis cornicyllod; yn wir byddai rhyw 30 o barau ohonynt yn nythu yno ar ôl i’r warchodfa gael ei datblygu.
Hyd yn hyn mae’r llystyfiant toreithiog sy’n tyfu ar lannau’r ffosydd a’r pyllau ledled y warchodfa wedi bod yn gartref i laweroedd o lygod pengrwn y dŵr. Roedd poblogaeth gref o’r mamaliaid prin hyn ar y safle eisoes ond bellach mae’r niferoedd wedi cynyddu gan beri bod y safle yn un o’r Safleoedd Allweddol ym Mhrydain ar gyfer y rhywogaeth hon sydd dan fygythiad enbyd.
Felly pam y mae angen rheoli’r coed? Yn ogystal â chreu tirwedd agored yn 2000, plannwyd miloedd lawer o goed. Yn sgil bod cynifer o’r coed hynny wedi gwreiddio ac yna wedi tyfu’n gryf am 12 mlynedd, mae llawer o’r llinellau gweld a’r llwybrau hedfan wedi eu tagu ac wedi mynd o’r golwg. Ar ben hynny, ac yn elfen o’r drefn naturiol sy’n nodweddu unrhyw wlyptir, mae helyg a gwern yn tyfu yno erbyn hyn gan beri bod y safle’n llai atyniadol i rai rhywogaethau.
Er enghraifft yn achos y cornicyllod dim ond dyrnaid o barau sy’n nythu yno bellach. Hefyd mae coed yn denu brain sy’n dal ar eu cyfle i fwydo ar wyau a chywion cornicyllod. Yn achos llygod pengrwn y dŵr mae’r llystyfiant ar lannau’r ffosydd a’r pyllau – sy’n ffynhonnell fwyd ac yn lloches iddynt – yn cael ei gysgodi fwyfwy gan goed. Ac felly dyna’r rhesymau dros y rhaglen torri coed a rheolaeth, y byddwch yn sylw ar ei heffaith y tro nesaf yr ymwelwch â’r safle.
A beth am y monitro? Yn ddiweddar mae’r ganolfan wedi prynu mesurydd halltedd yn sgil cael grant gan Gyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru. Sefydlwyd deuddeg o fannau monitro o amgylch y lagŵn heli sydd wedi ei adfer yn ddiweddar ar gwr y morfa heli. Y nod yw gallu cynnal lefel halltedd rhwng 5 a 25 rhan ymhob mil. Pan fo angen gallwn wanhau’r halltedd yn y dŵr heli sy’n cael ei adael yn y lagŵn gan y llanw a hynny drwy beri i gyflenwad o ddŵr croyw lifo i’r lagŵn.
Mae’r lefel halltedd hon yn rhoi bod i’r amgylchiadau delfrydol i’r anifeiliaid di-asgwrn-cefn sy’n ffynnu mewn lagwnau heli – ac mae hynny’n newyddion rhagorol i’r holl adar sy’n bwydo yn y lagŵn yn yr haf ac yn y gaeaf.
Carmarthenshire Biodiversity March/April 2012 eNewsletter
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