Prioritise grazed grass to reduce costs sheep expert tells lamb producers

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Lewis, Wynne and Dewi Rees with one of Farming Connect's Red Meat Technical Officers, Elan Davies a Managing the Growing Lamb event.

Selecting sheep breeds that finish quickly off pasture must be given top priority by Welsh lamb producers ahead of changes to the direct subsidy system.

Independent sheep consultant John Vipond says animals that perform better on grass, thereby lowering the cost of production, will underpin future profitability for lamb production.

But he told farmers attending a series of Farming Connect ‘Managing the Growing Lamb’ events in Wales that when selecting breeds to understand that there can be more variation within a breed than among breeds.

For that reason, he said farmers must source from a trusted breeder. “That breeder should be taking the same approach as you.

 “At breed sales there is a tendency to buy the biggest ram but his size will mostly be down to feeding not genetics. If you want to finish lambs off grass go for terminal sires with high growth rates, sheep that have been bred naturally on pasture rather than forced with concentrates.’’

Growth rate accounts for 45% of lamb profitability in contrast to just 5% for conformation.

“Look at the Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs). If you are keeping replacements look for high eight week weights and often there is a maternal index which is useful,’’ said Mr Vipond.

He advised again chasing extremes of conformation. “Concentrate on getting your lambs finished quickly.’’

 The target should be what the market demands – a 19kg R3L carcass.

An obvious cost saving is concentrates – if more use is made of grass, purchased feed inputs can be significantly lowered or removed completely.

Too often concentrates are fed as a prop for “less than perfect’’ grazing management, with cereals used to supplement grass with poor digestibility, Mr Vipond suggested.

 He advocates rotational grazing based on the growth stage and height of the grass sward.

 A simple grazing system can be built by monitoring the number of leaves per grass tiller.

 Grass growth follows the continuous production of leaves emerging from tiller bases, new tillers emerge just above root level in response to hard grazing pressure that allows light to reach the base of the plant.

 The basis of grazing management is to identify when plants have reached the stage where three leaves have emerged – at this point they are ready for grazing. 

 “If you wait too long until you have got three leaves emerged and one or two are dying off the optimum point for grazing has been missed but if grass is grazed as soon as three leaves have developed, production is maximised,’’ said Mr Vipond.

 Ewe longevity is also key to profitability – if a ewe stays in the flock for an extra year it will reduce the replacement rate, a big proportion of costs.

 Mr Vipond urged farmers to plan for the future right now. “You either need to make up your mind to be a proficient farmer and be good at it or make way for someone else.’’

 For those who choose to stay in the industry his advice is succinct: “Grow a lot of grass, use it efficiently and look for the right breed to convert it into lamb.’’

 Mr Vipond’s warning on cost control was echoed by James Ruggeri, Industry Development Executive at Hybu Cig Cymru (HCC). “If you aren’t making money now, don’t expect the prices you receive for your lamb to increase.

 “We are at a level where the consumer isn’t willing to pay more for lamb, it is a case of producing it cheaper or they will stop eating it.’’

 But Mr Ruggeri said there are many farmers who are producing lamb at a profit and that was within everyone’s reach.

 “The market returns are similar for all farms, the focus needs to be on costs,’’ he insisted. “If you want to stay in business that’s what you have to do going forward, lower your costs.’’

 A host farm for one of the events was Glyndy Isaf, Brecon, where Wynne Rees runs a flock of 1200 Talybont Welsh and crossbred ewes on 650 acres with his sons, Lewis and Dewi.

 Their driver for profitability is simple. “You have to get as many lambs alive as possible,’’ said Mr Rees.

 To achieve this care is taken to ensure that the ewes are in good condition and able to produce good quality colostrum and plenty of milk.

 The Rees’ also have sales targets. “We get as many lambs sold as we can as early as we can. The crossbreds lamb in mid-February and we get as many gone by the end of June as we can.’’

 Farming Connect is delivered by Menter a Busnes and Lantra on behalf of Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development.

Farmers at one of the Managing the Growing Lamb events.

Arbenigwr defaid yn dweud wrth gynhyrchwyr cig oen am roi blaenoriaeth i laswellt sy’n cael ei bori

 

Rhaid i ddewis bridiau defaid sy’n pesgi’n gyflym ar borfa gael blaenoriaeth gan gynhyrchwyr cig oen o Gymru cyn y newidiadau i’r system gymhorthdal uniongyrchol.

Dywed yr ymgynghorwr defaid annibynnol John Vipond y bydd anifeiliaid sy’n perfformio yn well ar laswellt, a thrwy hynny yn gostwng costau cynhyrchu, yn sylfaen i broffidioldeb cynhyrchu cig oen yn y dyfodol.

Ond dywedodd wrth ffermwyr oedd mewn cyfres o ddigwyddiadau ‘Rheoli Ŵyn sy’n Tyfu’ yng Nghymru, wrth ddethol bridiau i ddeall y gellir cael mwy o amrywiaeth o fewn brid na rhwng bridiau.

Am y rheswm hwnnw, dywedodd bod raid i ffermwyr gael eu stoc gan fridiwr y maent yn ymddiried ynddo. “Dylai’r bridiwr hwnnw fod yn defnyddio’r un dull â chi.

“Mewn arwerthiannau brid mae tuedd i brynu’r hwrdd mwyaf ond bydd ei faint yn dibynnu mwy ar y porthi nag ar eneteg. Os ydych chi am besgi ŵyn ar laswellt, ewch am hyrddod â chyfraddau tyfu uchel, defaid sydd wedi eu bridio yn naturiol ar borfa yn hytrach na chael eu porthi ar ddwysfwyd.”

Mae cyfraddau tyfu yn cyfrif am 45% o broffidioldeb ŵyn mewn gwrthgyferbyniad â dim ond 5% o ran cydlyniad.

“Edrychwch ar y Gwerthoedd Bridio Tybiedig (EBV). Os ydych yn cadw stoc cyfnewid chwiliwch am bwysau mawr yn wyth wythnos oed ac yn aml bydd mynegai i’r fam sydd yn ddefnyddiol,” dywedodd Mr Vipond.

Cynghorodd na ddylid mynd ar ôl eithafion o ran cydffurfiad. “Canolbwyntiwch ar besgi eich ŵyn yn gyflym.”

Dylai’r targed gyfateb i’r hyn y mae’r farchnad yn ei fynnu – carcas 19kg R3L.

Un dull amlwg o arbed arian yw dwysfwyd – os gwneir mwy o ddefnydd o laswellt, gall y mewnbwn o borthiant a brynwyd gael ei ostwng yn sylweddol neu gellir cael gwared ohono yn llwyr.

Yn rhy aml mae dwysfwyd yn cael ei roi i gynnal rheolaeth ‘lai na pherffaith’ ar bori, gyda grawn yn cael eu defnyddio i ategu at laswellt anodd ei dreulio, awgrymodd Mr Vipond.

Mae’n argymell pori cylchdro ar sail cyfnod tyfu ac uchder y glaswellt.

Gellir llunio system bori syml trwy fonitro’r nifer o ddail ar bob coesyn glaswellt.

“Mae tyfiant glaswellt yn dilyn y cynhyrchu dail parhaus sy’n ymddangos o waelod y coesyn, mae coesynnau newydd yn ymddangos ychydig uwch ben lefel y gwreiddyn wrth ymateb i bwysedd pori trwm sy’n gadael i olau gyrraedd gwaelod y planhigyn.

Sail rheolaeth ar bori yw dynodi pryd y mae planhigion wedi cyrraedd y cyfnod pan fydd tair deilen wedi ymddangos – dyna pryd y maent yn barod i’w pori.

“Os byddwch yn aros yn rhy hir mae gennych dair deilen wedi ymddangos a bydd un neu ddwy yn marw, mae’r pwynt pori gorau wedi bod ond os bydd y glaswellt yn cael ei bori cyn gynted ag y mae tair deilen wedi datblygu, mae’r cynhyrchiant ar ei orau,” dywedodd Mr Vipond.

Mae hirhoedledd mamogiaid hefyd yn allweddol i broffidioldeb – os bydd mamog yn aros yn y ddiadell am flwyddyn ychwanegol bydd yn lleihau’r gyfradd gyfnewid, cyfran fawr o’r costau.

Roedd Mr Vipond yn annog ffermwyr i gynllunio ar gyfer y dyfodol y funud hon. “Mae arnoch naill ai angen penderfynu bod yn ffermwr medrus a bod yn dda yn hynny o beth neu wneud lle i rywun arall.”

I’r rhai sy’n dewis aros yn y diwydiant mae ei gyngor yn gryno: “Tyfwch lawer o laswellt, defnyddiwch o yn effeithlon a chwiliwch am y brid cywir i’w droi yn gig oen.”

Ategwyd rhybudd Mr Vipond am reoli costau gan James Ruggeri, Gweithredwr Datblygu Diwydiant yn Hybu Cig Cymru (HCC). “Os nad ydych yn gwneud arian rŵan, peidiwch â disgwyl i’r prisiau yr ydych yn eu derbyn am eich ŵyn gynyddu.

“Rydym ar lefel lle nad yw’r cwsmer yn barod i dalu mwy am gig oen, mae’n fater o’i gynhyrchu yn rhatach neu mi fyddant yn stopio ei fwyta.”

Ond dywedodd Mr Ruggeri bod llawer o ffermwyr sy’n cynhyrchu cig oen ar elw a bod hynny o fewn cyrraedd pawb.

“Mae’r hyn gewch chi o’r farchnad yn debyg i’r holl ffermydd, rhaid i’r pwyslais fod ar gostau,” mynnodd. “Os ydych chi am barhau yn y busnes, dyna sydd yn rhaid i chi ei wneud wrth symud ymlaen, gostwng eich costau.”

Y fferm westeïo ar gyfer un o’r digwyddiadau oedd Glyndy Isaf, Aberhonddu, lle mae Wynne Rees yn cadw diadell o 1200 o famogiaid Cymreig Talybont a chroes ar 650 erw gyda’i feibion, Lewis a Dewi.

Mae eu hegwyddor i fod yn broffidiol yn syml. “Mae’n rhaid i chi gael cymaint o ŵyn byw â phosibl,” dywedodd Mr Rees.

Er mwyn cyflawni hyn gofalir bod y mamogiaid mewn cyflwr da ac yn gallu cynhyrchu colostrwm o safon uchel a digon o laeth.

Mae gan y teulu Rees dargedau gwerthiant hefyd. “Rydym yn gwerthu cymaint o ŵyn ag sy’n bosibl cyn gynted ag y gallwn. Mae’r defaid croes yn ŵyna yng nghanol Chwefror ac rydym yn ceisio gwerthu cymaint â phosibl erbyn diwedd Mehefin.”

Mae Cyswllt Ffermio yn cael ei ddarparu gan Menter a Busnes a Lantra ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru a Chronfa Amaethyddol Ewrop ar gyfer Datblygu Gwledig.

 

 


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